disaster managment assignment

Disaster managment

Disaster managment assignment project or for study material providing you we hope you helped by use. Disaster managment project

CONTENT

·      INTRODUCTION

·      MAN MADE DISASTER

·      TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTERS

·      NUCLEAR DISASTER

§  Chernobyl disaster

§  Precaution in nuclear disaster

·      INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

§  Bhopal gas tragedy

§  Precaution in industrial disaster

·      ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER

·      CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION disaster managment

Manmade disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Anthropogenic hazards may adversely affect humans, other organisms, biomes and ecosystems.

The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies. Hazards may also be described in relation to the impact that they have. A hazard only exists if there is a pathway to exposure. As an example, the center of the earth consists of molten material at very high temperatures which would be a severe hazard if contact was made with the core. However, there is no feasible way of making contact with the core, therefore the center of the earth currently poses no hazard.

MAN MADE DISASTER disaster managment

·      A man made disaster is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence ,or error.

·      Man made disaster are the consequence of technology or human hazards.

·      Example include fire, transport accidents, industrial accidents and nuclear explosion /Radiations . As with natural hazards are events that have not happen, for instant terrorism .made made disaster are example of specific cases where man made hazards became reality in an event.

TYPES OF MAN MADE DISASTER

1. v TERRARIST ATTACKS
2. v CHEMICAL THREAT
3. v NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
4. v DAM FAILURE
5. v INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
6. v BIOLOGICAL DISASTERS
7. v FIRE ACCIDENT

NUCLEAR DISASTER 

·       A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility."  The prime example of a "major nuclear accident" is one in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of radioactive isotopes are released, such as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

·       The Chernobyl nuclear power plant

·       LOCATED 11miles north of the citu of Chernobyl

·       Plant consisted of 4 reactors

·       Produce 10% of Ukraine electricity

·       Construction began in 1970

·       At the time of the accident reactor #5 and # 6 were in progress.

                CAUSES OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER

·       Happened in April 26,1986 at 1:23 a.m.

·       The plants unit 4 reactor was rocked by a steam explosion.

·       Followed by a hydrogen explosion and a fire resulting in temperatures over 2,000 degree Celsius.

·       More than 100 times the radiations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined were released into the atmosphere over the 10 days that the fire burned

·       ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CHERNOBYL DISASTER

Ø     7 million people lived in contaminated areas: 3 million were children.

Ø     Winds carries radiations far distances

Ø     The radioactive materials ,such as cesium and strontium plants from the soil through their roots.

Ø     Because radioactive cesium is continuously taken up and passed by organisms in forest ecosystems. The animals and vegetations in affected forest and mountains are particularly contaminated.

Ø     Many water bodies were contaminated with radiations .

   Precaution from nuclear accident

Ø     Common indicators of these disaster are vomiting nausea , dizziness etc. Don’t look at fire as it causes instant blindness close all doors and windows as radioactivity doesn’t penetrate into solid structures cover all food and water listen govt. orders.

INDUSTRIAL DISASTER

Ø     Industrial disasters, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence. They are a form of industrial accident where great damage, injury or loss of life are caused.

Ø     Great damage to property human life and environment .

Ø     Defence industry

Ø     manufacturing industry

Ø     mining industry

Ø     energy industry

Ø     chemical industry

Ø     effect of Industrial disaster are death disability, foods shortage environment distruption

Example of Industrial disaster

Bhopal gas tragedy

·      one of the worst industrial catastrophes it occurs on the night Dec.2-3 in 1984. At the union carbide India limited  (ucil) pesticide plant in Bhopal Madya Pradesh India

·      During that night water entered the tank containing 42 tones MIC (methyl iso cynate ) The resulting exothermic reaction increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 °C raised pressure .

Factory leading to the gas leak

·      storing mic in large tank and filling beyond recommended levels.

·      Poor maintenance

·      Failure of several safety systems

·      Safety systems being switched off to save money – including the mic tank refrigeration system which could have mitigated the disaster severity

·      Plant location close to a densely populated area.

The devastation

·      the official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the govt. of Madya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release

·      Others estimate 8,000 died within two weeks and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases.

·      A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 5,58,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximates 3,900 severely and permanently disability injuries.

precaution  from industrial disaster

Industries using harmful and powerful chemicals should be located far away from residential areas there should be surveys to keep a check on their activity the govt. should formulate an emergency plan to in case of an accident pollution levels should be checked and maintained.

Environment disaster

·      An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human activity. This distinguishes it from the concept of a natural disaster. 

FLOODS

·      Deforestation

·      Mistake and land use pattern

·      Bad zoning

·      Bad planning

·      Bad agriculture

DRIOUGHT

·      Occurrence of drought is commonly associated with arid and semi-arid regions

·      In India about 33% of the arable area is considered to be drought – prone.

LANDSLIDE

·      Incidence of landslides very comman in the hills and mountainous regions of souh Asia.

·      Topography the primary cause.

FOREST FIRES

·      forest fires can have a potential impact on global atmospheric problems including climate change.

·      forest fires of may 1999 att up in india remained buring for over a month and charred 80,000 hectares of forests and much of the wild life.

CONCLUSION

It is important to understand man made disasters now that they can cause irreversible damage and it is in fact ourselves who are causing these disasters because  of our ignorance and some even being caused by intent. Without a doubt we have keep making terrible mistakes over the which is why it is time we take awareness and become more cautions us that we can care for our world and lower the rate of man made disasters.

and THe most important thing if you have emergency

1. please call 108 for ambulance
2. police 100

you can also give information to higher centre for relief ( Disaster )by simply dialing these numbers.

 thanks to my classmate MR. Amit who provided his article on Disaster manament.

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